Israeli and Palestinian Conflict

Every place in this world is being owned just by luck of those people who are living in it. They are the only ones who have stayed there and who have fought for it. However, they are fortunate that they have had it. The same situation will also be sure to happen to the never-ending fight between Jews and Arabs for Palestine. Like the situations in other fights for a certain land, both parties claim that Palestine is their motherland. Jews try to point out that Palestine is a Jewish homeland and that they should create an independent Jewish life on that land in order to unite them to combat Jewish meaninglessness.They want to form a strong nation that will showcase its Jewish culture that will also be passed on to their children. They only want to be the masters of their own fate without being dictated by anyone. On the other hand, they said they do not conquer fellowmen and seek for friendship instead (Meir, 1948). However, according to the Arabs, who are also telling that the Palest ine is theirs by birthright historically, Jews are illegally alienating them. They are against the aggression being done by the Jews in trying to segregate them from their claimed land.They are not given freedom and rights on the land where there are restricted areas for them. They also assert that the justice is bias in favour of the Jews because of several hearings that support the other side (Husseini, 1947). Both parties have strong points. Both have already invested so much blood for the sake of what they are fighting for. That is why it will appear unfair for whoever will lose the battle. As all of them sacrificed, the only solution is to give them all the right to have the land with equal treatment and without any segregation.This is not only bias to the Arabs who are only wanting to be given rights to their land but also to Jews who want to build their own culture in their own land since it will be a land of freedom and all of them are free to have their own culture in spite of differences that abound. That is what is already happening to lands with different but powerful culture. In this case, the fight will be over and at the same time both are expected to benefit from the cooperation that is going to exist.

Night Vision Technology

NIGHT VISION TECHNOLOGY 1) Introduction 2) Definition 3) Types of Night Vision Technology 4) Night Vision Devices 5) Generation 6) Application INTRODUCTION Night vision technology is basically allows us to saw in night. It is originally developed for military use. All humans have very poor night vision as compare to other animals. With the poor night vision we cannot see a person standing over so far away (many miles) on a deep dark cloudy night. It is first time invented for military purpose to see the enemy in deep dark and target them easily. The german army gave the idea of night vision and from that time it is fastly develops so strong. They gave the idea in 1935 and start working on it so fastly to cover all battle condition in night time. Then they develop night vision items in their rifles and in other necessary materials of battle field. From there this technology is grown up and all other countries also make sure to use this technology and also to modify this according to their need. These all equipment are use in camera (either simple or in gun front) for the purpose of hunting at night time and in battle affected areas. But they are so advance technology made up of. Then with the help of this equipment they are visible clearly in front of human eyes as in full light to saw it clearly. Today also in houses security and high alert situation these technology is used in vast for the purpose of safety. DEFINITION The definition of night vision technology is basically the detail of its work that how this technology work and what is this in real word. Every one defines it in their own word of experiences, but in my opinion its definition is not its word of expression but its definition is expressed as:†Night vision technology is basically the ability to see things in dark night condition. (Whether by biological or technological mean).Night vision is the combination of two approaches. TYPES OF NIGHT VISION TECHNOLOGY There are two types of night vision technology: 1) Biological Night VisionSome animal like cat and deep sea animal can see in night because they are tissue present in their eye which is called tiputem lucidum. Which is present on the back side of retina? But this layer is not present in human eyes, thus they cannot able to see in night. They need to use some material to saw in night. RODOPOSIN is use for night see. This is a chemical. With help of this chemical human can see for few hours in dark and deep night. Biological is even God gifted senses in humans and animals, by which they saw things in night. These senses are used for night vision. Commonly green eyes of human have the ability to see in night and even in dark night. These all are the naturally created senses in humans and animal eyes. 2) Technical Night VisionTechnical night vision is working in two different ways.In this type of vision many lens are used to achieve pictures in night time. All the material use for this is released specific type of electron which is felt on the picture and they capture the same picture and show on the front of human eyes. Then they saw easily all the things in dark night. As same in the war situation the advance developed material for night vision is used to see the enemy easily in night and mountain dark then with the help of this advance technology they hit the enemy on exact target. Simply technical vision technology is those devices include in which advance technique is used to able one to see in night time in deep dark. Night Vision DevicesNight vision devices are called observation equipment. They observe and detect the pictures and other things in dark night. It is also some time known as night vision goggles. It does works as: the light from night vision excrete and felt on the targeted area this particle is made up of photons which includes all the colors. Then they reflect back and entered in the lens and the whole area is seen to be visible in dark, but it is so sensitive case. Its the same as we see in the games which is made in night scenes. There the whole environment is dark but we clearly saw the targeted area of enemies.All devices which are uses in night vision is shown below: these all devices is used in night time. GENERATIONS 1) 0 GENERATION: The early generation was establishing in (1950-1955) which is not in complete vast Form. 2) 1st GENERATION: In the first generation tubes are used in the equipment in series. They work so will. They also work so perfect than 2nd and 3rd generation. But one defect is present in this generation that the image is show clear at the center but it can distort at all its adages. This heaviest and largest one of first three generation, later is modified and the name has change in other generation. 3) 2ndGENERATION: This generation was made in (1970-1972).A high micro channel plate is used in it. And it is also called high electron multiplier. They also magnify the image in clear form. Its magnifier and resolution is under well developed technology. These channels are built from millions of microscopic hollow glass, and each glass is of 0.0125 in diameter. Sensitive lenses are used in it; they detected the images by its sensitive wavelength. 4) 3rd GENERATION: the previous generations are made advanced and name as 3rd generation. The advancement take place in (1971-1978).the photocathode rays is used in it as an ion barrier. Then they detect images from far distances clear in dark night. It is much better than firstly built generations but not perfect because further development take place fastly in very day life in advance technology world. 5) 4th GENERATION: The American army made advance the 3rd generation with highly developed photocathode lenses and rays and made sure the work of these devices to detect all images in deep dark night clear at center and all of its edges. The ion barrier is also removed which is used in 3rd generation for the purpose to finish the background noise. The switch on and off system made sure rapidly. This generation is used all over the world because it is well developed equipment at all. Higher magnifying lenses are used in it. They are full of all needed and advanced technology materials. APPLICATION The main purpose of night vision technology is to detect enemy target in dark night. Security officers, police officers and also investigating officers use night vision technology broadly according to their need. They trace their position and places in dark night and then perform action on it. Application of night vision is as under below: I. For hunting purposes II. For military purposes III. For security purposes IV. For law enforcement V. For entertainment VI. For navigation purposes VII. For hidden object detection VIII. For surveillance IX. For wildlife observation X. And for automatic brightness control purposes.

How is Stanhope Represented in the First Two Acts of ‘Journey’s End’?

Stanhope is the captain in command of an infantry company on the front line. Although he is a highly ranked officer, Stanhope is still only a boy. He has been out in the trenches for nearly three years, (having come straight form school at he age of eighteen) and has commanded his company for a year. The character of Stanhope is fundamental to the play as a whole; we learn this almost straight away as he is spoken about before he appears on stage. The play begins with a conversation between two officers – Osborne and Hardy – and it is from them that the reader gains a first impression of Stanhope. His drink problem is immediately addressed as Hardy asks, ‘Drinking like a fish, as usual? ‘ This presents him in a fairly negative light however; this feeling is soon displaced as Osborne begins to defend him and offers some reasoning as to why Stanhope seeks solace in alcohol. We learn that he is in fact an extremely competent and well respected commander – ‘He's a long way the best company commander we've got' and this point is emphasised in Act two as Raleigh writes in his letter, ‘He's the finest officer in the battalion, and the men simply love him. Sherriff presents Stanhope as hard working, and this is mentioned various times throughout the two acts. Osborne says (when defending him against Hardy) – ‘He's commanded this company or a year – in and out of the front line. He's never had a rest. Other men come over here and go home again ill, and young Stanhope goes on sticking it, month in, month out. ‘ He is precise and meticulous in his duties as captain. When Trotter asks if he can go on duty half an hour later so he can finish his meal Stanhope refuses, unwilling to risk upsetting the schedule. He is also horrified at the state in which Hardy leaves the trenches, commenting that they smell like cess pits; all this adding to the image that Sherriff creates of him as a fine officer. Stanhope is extremely worried about Raleigh's appearance as he is frightened he will write to his sister and tell her what he has become. His quick temper becomes apparent as he demands Raleigh hands his letter over – he shouts, ‘Don't ‘Dennis' me! Stanhope's my name! ‘ and even snaps at Osborne. Raleigh describes an incident at school, ‘I remember once at school he caught some chaps in a study with a bottle of whisky. Lord! the roof nearly blew off. He gave them a dozen each with a cricket stump. ‘ This is ironic considering what Stanhope has become, yet it gives the reader an insight into what he was like before the war and how it has affected him. It quickly becomes apparent that Mason is scared of Stanhope; we see an example of this when Mason accidently gets apricots instead of pineapples – he is extremely concerned about what the captains reaction may be. This further enforces the idea of Stanhope having a short temper. Stanhope has a close relationship with Osborne, much like that of a father and son. Being twice his age, calm and level headed, Osborne is there to look after Stanhope when he gets too ‘tight' or to comfort him when he fears for his sanity. The scene where Osborne tucks Stanhope into bed shows his vulnerability. He is only a boy after all, and this is demonstrated effectively as he says, ‘Yes – I go sleep. ‘ Osborne defends Stanhope against Hardy and says, ‘I love that fellow. I'd go to hell with him. ‘ Stanhope is a deep thinker – ‘It's a habit that's grown on me lately – to look right through things, and on and on – til I get frightened and stop. He see's beneath the surface of things, one of the qualities that make him a fantastic captain. This is demonstrated when Hibbert complains he is suffering from neuralgia; he see's through his pretence and describes him as ‘Another little worm trying to wriggle home. ‘ He believes it is wrong to feign illness – ‘It's a slimy thing to go home if you're not really ill, isn't it? ‘ Despite his disliking for Hibbert, after his initial threat to shoot him he is understanding and comforting, even offering to accompany him on patrol. He has a real sense of decency, evident throughout the two acts. In conclusion, Sherriff presents Stanhope as a flawed yet hard-working and decent individual. Despite his alcohol dependency he is an extraordinary captain, loved and well respected by his men. The reader learns all this through Stanhope's actions, stage directions, what the other characters tell us about him and their responses to him. Sherriff presents him as a tragic hero, troubled and hardened by his experiences.

Heart Disease and Stroke Screening Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Heart Disease and Stroke Screening - Essay Example (Sudano et al., 2010) An example of Screening is where you measure the CRP (C-reactive protein) levels In one’s blood. As a role of the human resistance system, the CRP levels become elevated due to infection. This test is crucial as it helps to determine the risk of one getting stroke or heart diseases. An institute (Lankenau Hospital) in Philadelphia conducts heart illness and stroke with carotid artery ultrasound, ankle brachial index (ABI), abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) screening, peak systolic velocity (PSV), heart rhythm electrocardiogram (EKG), mass body index and pressure check in blood at a cost of $50 (Mainlinehealth.org, 2015) The screening tests as per now are very effective and efficient, and I could recommend that everyone does screening test regularly as it very healthy, From study assessment of screening affirms by demonstrating that that individuals with higher cardiovascular illness danger components that did the tests  changed their lifestyle i.e, reduced their cholesterol intake and start to excise. Particular dropout (specific whittling down) inclinations are also affirmed , whereby individuals with more way of life danger components (smoking, higher liquor utilization, overweight) tend to return for subsequent arrangements and follow-up of their conditions. In the long run, regular screening checks help save lives (Sudano et al., 2010) In my opinion there is no need for changes in the screening process as they have and are still providing valid results.Changes may only be nessecessarly in the nearer future when the existing screening test are declared void.The screening programs should be made free since the have a vast range of positive impacts Sudano, I., Flammer, A. J., Periat, D., Enseleit, F., Hermann, M., Wolfrum, M., Ruschitzka, F. (2010). Acetaminophen Increases Blood Pressure in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease. Circulation.

Drupal Open Source Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Drupal Open Source - Research Paper Example This paper explores the component and contribution to the root concept. High-level vision An Application where developers are able easily to organize, manage and publish their content, with an endless variety of customization. Basic Rationale Availability of Apache Solr integration module. The taxonomy concepts are easily hooked onto Apache Solr for filtering based on meta-information, such as tags, authors, publications, etc. in Drupal, an author can be part of a taxonomy and user profiles can be made for these authors - by default ability to write Themes using PHP Template, instead of depending upon Typo script Ability to handle a large quantity (over 1000) of diverse sites Central management tools Integration with Active Directory Stakeholder group In general, man, woman, students, working people. Computer programmers Starting assumption Improvements and re-designing will be done from the existing versions to a more stable and user-friendly application. Field Study Guides extracte d from the user's e-mail forums 1. How many people use Drupal? Why? 2. How many sites have been created using Drupal? 3. How often is Drupal used? 4. Which difficulties are encounter during usage?  5.  What do users like most about Drupal? 6. Is Drupal a viable solution for the user’s website? Does it have any limited functionality? 7. Do users encounter problems when Installing Drupal? Which are they? 8. What are the most important features Drupal has? 9. Is there anything that users do not like about Drupal? If so, what are they? 10. Under what conditions users don’t like Drupal and why? Examples. 11. What are the additional features Drupal does not have but users consider important and can improve the situations? Field data collection(answers to the Field Study Guides extracted from the user's e-mail forums) 1. What is the function of Drupal and why do users choose to use Drupal? Drupal is used to create websites. It is used because of Advanced URL Control, Cust om Content Types, and Views, Revision Control, User Management, Excellent Documentation, Large and Friendly Community 2. How many sites have been created using Drupal? Drupal has been used to create several very important website which includes; The United, Nations, Warner Brothers Records, The Discovery Channel, Forbes, The Grateful Dead, AOL, Yahoo, Lime.com, The New York Observer, The Onion, Aaron Wall's SEObook.com 3. How often is Drupal used? Drupal is used often in the creation of the website. 4. Which difficulties are encounter during the usage? There are several problems that are encountered as during the use of Drupal application. They include obscure terminologies, lack of realistic previews, limited functionalities. Among others What do users like most about Drupal? Because of: well interaction of plug-in with its core, it is secure, Drupal can do blogging 5. Is Drupal a viable solution for the user’s website? Does it have any limited functionality? Yes, although i t has some limited functionality 6. Do users encounter problems when Installing Drupal? Which are they? Yes, uninstalling modules fails; whenever a user attempts to install Drupal he gets this "Table variable already exists" 7. What are the most important features Drupal has? Flexibility, Good Governance, Contributed Code, Large Vendor Pool, Scalability  

The Role of Formal Devices in the Poetry of Marianne Moore Essay

The Role of Formal Devices in the Poetry of Marianne Moore - Essay Example She was not merely satisfied with examination issues that other artists were. She collected inspiration from sketches, drawings, sculpture and photographs. She found a wealth of creative energy in normal American life, industry, and the natural varied landscape found in United States. Moore also explore gender and equality issues, which were both risky and subjected her to criticism. Her passion for creating and relating striking visual images is demonstrated in all of her poetry. Moore approach also utilized classical rigid structure. She would create a poem that visually looked like free verse. However, the internal rhyme scheme revealed rigid structure and attention to detail. "Poetry" by Moore references her dislike for critics because of their treatment for her as a young poet. She makes fun of them in the poem. She comments that critics are unnatural creates like the swan intentional stops itself from holding back what comes down the stream. The critic becomes irritated when he reads her words, like a horse that feels a flea"; like him-like "all of us"-the swan does "not admire what / [it] cannot understand," and wants nothing to do with what the poet has to offer. This poem is obviously personal and regardless of Moore choice of formal devices, the poetry is not contrived and related unresolved emotions over rejection and insult (Slatin 15). "The Steeple-Jack" by

Alfred Stieglitz's Photograph of Marcel Duchamp's Fountain Term Paper

Alfred Stieglitz's Photograph of Marcel Duchamp's Fountain - Term Paper Example The paper "Alfred Stieglitz's Photograph of Marcel Duchamp's Fountain" focuses on analysis and research about Alfred Stieglitz's photograph of Marcel Duchamp's Fountain art work. Stieglitz placed the ‘Fountain’ at the viewer’s eye level, brought it close, and magnified its presence. He further rotated it slightly on its axis to set up just a touch of tension, and lighted it from above such that it looks dramatically isolated against its setting yet also veiled, moody and mysterious. Duchamp’s ‘the Fountain’ is viewed through the eyes of Albert Stieglitz. The photograph is white in color that is made of the spectrum of colors. It is made of porcelain which is a polished/breakable material. Stieglitz took an ordinary object, gave it meaning by positioning it in such a way that its useful significance was overshadowed by the new one with a new title and a new point of view, thus creating a whole new thought for that object. Alfred Stieglitz life s panned from 1864 to 1946. Stieglitz was the most respected photographer of his time, and he fought for the recognition of photography as a valid form of art. He is one of the figures who revolutionized the American photography. Luminous-Lint finds it hard to imagine the direction that photography would have taken without the involvement of Stieglitz. He was a promoter of other people’s works, illuminating them with his photo works. The ‘Fountain’ was brought to 291, and when it was there it was photographed by Stieglitz who was greatly amused by Duchamp’s ‘Fountain’.

Lesson Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Lesson Plan - Essay Example That student writes another pair of antonyms and passes the paper to the next person, and they keep it going around their group until the two minutes are up. The goal is for each group to list as many antonyms as they can. Encourage students to help one another if anyone in the group is having difficulty thinking of a pair of words. Have each group read their list aloud. Let the class decide whether the words in each pair have opposite meanings. 3. Give each student a blank Antonym Matching Game Board (attached). Have students think of any five antonym pairs and write one word in each box, making a matching game. Students can cut the words apart, lay the cards face down, and flip them over, two at a time, to try to find a match that are antonyms. Write some words on the blackboard and ask the students to identify them. The students are to say what antonyms they can act. Split the students into groups of three or four. Every member of each group to write a pair of antonyms on a piece of paper, and teamwork is encouraged. Students to be given a blank antonym matching game board and match the antonyms. Handout a worksheet to the students containing fill-in sentences on the left end of the paper, as well as a list of words on the far right side which will serve as antonyms for the fill-in sentences. After submission, the students will be coached on how to figure out the correct for every question on the

How Customer Service earns Customer Loyalty Thesis

How Customer Service earns Customer Loyalty - Thesis Example The study would also include a section that would address the area of primary research methodology that would be used to analyze the research question. Finally the study would also contain a section that would summarize the findings of the study and finally suggest certain plausible recommendations that would help marketers of service based organizations to formulate effective strategies that helps in build long term relationships with the organizations thus fostering customer loyalty and ensuring sustainable competitive advantage for the organization in the long run in the competitive and turbulent business environment. Table of Contents How Customer Service earns Customer Loyalty 1 Abstract 2 Chapter 1: Introduction 5 Statement of Problem and Importance of Study 6 Definition of Terms 8 Customer Loyalty 8 Brand 8 Brand Equity 8 Innovations 8 Service Mix 8 Research Questions 9 Summary 9 Chapter 2: Literature Review 10 Historical Background 10 Service Delivery and Customer Loyalty 11 Measuring Customer Satisfaction 14 Distinction between Products and Services 15 Elements of Customer Loyalty 17 Service Innovations and Customer Loyalty 18 Customer Loyalty and Competitive Advantage 20 Service Mix and Customer Loyalty 21 Customer Loyalty and Brand Image 22 Summary 24 Chapter 3: Primary Research Methodology 24 Sampling 25 Data Collection Techniques 25 Research Methodology 26 Summary 27 Chapter 4: Discussion, Conclusion and Recommendations 28 Discussions 28 Conclusions 29 Recommendations 30 References 32 Chapter 1: Introduction The present age of business and consumer markets is rightly termed as the age of consumers. Business organizations in the wake of increased completion within the market are trying out new means to lure customers. It has become essential for organizations to not only attract new customer alone but to also retain the existing customers. In this event customer relationship management and consequently customer loyalty have become largely an importa nt part of the strategy formulation of business organizations. This strategy of business organizations follows from the popular thought which states that it is easier and less expensive to retain an old customer rather than acquiring a new one. Promoting customer loyalty has therefore become one of the most important elements of strategy formulation for business organizations. Customer loyalty is largely measured as an outcome of the level of customer satisfaction which is defined as â€Å"the customer’s fulfillment response to a customer experience, or some part thereof† (Buttle, 2008, p.44). Business organizations are trying out newer strategies to induce customer loyalty which includes providing loyalty cards that can be used by the customer to redeem points based on their purchases. The points can be redeemed for cash discounts or other offers which helps induce repeat purchases by the customers. Customer loyalty has gained widespread importance in the recent years with the dynamics of markets changing from a seller’s market to a buyer’s market. Promoting customer loyalty also helps an organization to get closer to its customers so as to better analyze the demands of the customers. The importance of customer loyalty can be gauged from the fact that in Europe

Raw Food Diet report Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Raw Food Diet report - Research Paper Example The benefits of raw foods can be seen and felt in society today as these dietary changes continue to evolve enabling individuals to escape the fast lifestyle that was and is still developing in many parts of the world. The natural enzymes that are found in these raw foods often combat diseases that make their way into the body, and at the same time, work on improving digestion. Minerals, vitamins, and fiber are the main elements in these foods and are essential in boosting the immune system’s functions. Due to the lack of high sodium, fat, or calorie content in these natural foods, assumptions are made that they assist individuals in reducing weight. Eating fruits and vegetables may assist in keeping blood pressure and cholesterol at bay (Ungar, 2007). This is if this pattern is complimented by low fat and salt consumption. As this diet assists in controlling body weight, it is assumed that it may also assist in controlling or regulating diabetes. There are some limitations to following a diet that simply revolves around raw foods. Protein, an essential element in the development of an individual, may present a challenge for some the raw foods present. Seeds and nuts can provide these protein needs, but they need to be consumed in rather large quantities in order to fulfill the dietary requirements. In order to acquire certain vitamins found only in animals, for example; vitamin B12, individuals on a raw food diet may be required to use supplements to satisfy this dietary requirement. Calories may be seen as a detrimental aspect in countless diets, but it is essential in the human body. Raw food diets and their low calorie content require that individuals consume a lot in order to satisfy this requirement in their diet (Ungar, 2007). Raw food diets may run into the issue of poisoning, especially if there is the issue of being undercooked. Individuals who eat meat may want to pay close attention to this problem as it

Lord of the Flies Challenge Project Essay Example for Free

Lord of the Flies Challenge Project Essay Any of several mammals of the family Suidae, having short legs, cloven hooves, bristly hair, and a cartilaginous snout used for digging, especially the domesticated hog, Sus scrofa domesticus, when young or of comparatively small size. Even though a pig is one animal, they have several symbolic meanings. The various meanings of pigs change from region or culture though. In an earlier culture such as the Ancient Egyptians the pig was a symbol for fertility. Here, the pig was sacred to Isis, a fertility goddess of the Ancient Egyptians. In many other cultures the pig represents strength, and vitality. In the Native American culture the Indians would use a pig to sacrifice to the rain Gods in order for their crops to grow. This is another example of pigs being used to represent growth and fertility. Pigs are not always viewed as a good thing though. In the Jewish and Islamic cultures pigs are viewed as unclean and therefore they are forbidden to eat pork. And in an interesting note, in dream symbolism domestic pigs indicate fertility but a wild pig represents overindulgence and lust. This relates to Lord of the Flies in the sense that Jack never wanted to give up his passion for hunting. He became greedy and his desire to hunt inevitably lead to the separation of the group. In the Christian religion pigs are associated with gluttony. In Lord of the Flies Simon is the Christ like figure and when he views the decaying pig head he becomes nauseated. Christians believe that a pig is in common relation with the Devil. In Lord of the Flies it shows the struggle between good and evil, Christianity and the devil. Jack and his followers use the pig as a sacrifice to the â€Å"Beast† and this is an example of the loss of religion in the novel. This is another reason why a pig is not considered a positive thing in Christianity because the main reason Jesus came around was due to the overwhelming practice of sacrificial acts to Pagan Gods. When Jack renews this blasphemous act, Simon was killed shortly after which confirmed the loss of religious values on the island. Here are examples from the bible prohibiting the digestion pigs. Of their flesh shall ye not eat, and their carcass shall ye not touch, they are unclean to you.(Leviticus 11:7-8) and And the swine, because it divideth the hoof, yet cheweth not the cud, it is unclean unto you. Ye shall not eat of their flesh, nor touch their dead carcass.(Deuteronomy 14:8). In folklore, superstitious sailors would not sail on a boat with a pig aboard. And often time’s sailors would refuse the admittance of pigs on their vessels. Sailors associated the hooves on pigs to the hooves on the devil. Because of this bad omen, if a sailor were to see a pig on their way to work, they would rather turn around and go home. This further explains the theme of the devil in Lord of the Flies. Even though it seems impossible for evil to be involved with young boys, it certainly was proven in this novel. Simon was an innocent little boy and when he was in the jungle the Lord of the Flies was talking to him. Obviously, the pig’s head was NOT talking to him but it shows that Simon’s subconscious talking to him. This shows that even the most innocent has an innate sense of evil in them. When Simon is in the jungle, this is when the reader realizes that the â€Å"beast† is not an external force but that it is part of the boys themselves, which is even more frightening. â€Å"Fancy thinking the beast was something you could hunt and kill! Ãâ€" You knew, didnt you? Im part of you? (p. 143). In Lord of the Flies the pig represents the evil that lies within every person, innocent or not. The pig becomes a game, no longer being a hunt for sustenance. As mentioned earlier, Jack wanted more. He became greedy and his hunts led all of the boys to shift from being playful little boys to savages. That is why in the Christian religion pigs are not appreciated. They are unclean, which in the novel the pig is described as disgusting with the flies hovering around it and black grime in its teeth. The Muslim religion views the pig in the same manner. It is interesting though to compare the thoughts of modern religions to the ancient ideas of pigs. In the ancient cultures like the Greeks, Egyptians and Romans the pig was seen as a fertile being and therefore they were heavily worshiped in order for their own people to experience the gift of fruitful abundance. The literal translation of the Lord of Flies is Beelzebub which is Hebrew for the Devil. The Lord of the Flies has the theme of religion in it, and the pig’s head plays an important part in allowing the shift of innocence to evil to be seen easily to the reader. Due to the many symbolic meanings of pigs in various cultures, there is no definite idea of what a pig stands for. In Lord of the flies though, the pig demonstrates the evil that each of the boys was capable of undergoing.

Types Of Probation And Parole Essay Example for Free

Types Of Probation And Parole Essay Probation and parole are two different types of community amendment originally developed to tone down severe punishment for those who committed crimes or disobeyed the state’s rules and norms, though not visible in some countries or states. Probation is a procedure wherein the offender remains under the court’s supervision for certain period of time with a set of guidelines to avoid jail or prison, while parole is a time period after a person is released from jail or prison while under supervision. [1] The practice of the two community correction was the result of opposing beliefs of philosophers, classicalists, and positivists. Classicalists believe that when a person committed crime, he is responsible for his actions and therefore must be punished. On the other hand, positivists believe that the offenders have reasons that forced him to do such acts and deserve a chance to make himself better. Between 1841 and 1859, John Augustus insisted the practice of giving a temporary release for prisoners while serving the community as a lift in their sentence. The guiding philosophy of probation is rehabilitation. Augustus undoubtedly stated, It became pretty generally known that my labors were upon the ground of reform, that I confined my efforts mainly to those who were indicted for their first offence, and whose hearts were not wholly depraved, but gave promise of better things . . .[2]Augustus’ efforts were favored. A French word â€Å"parol† literally means â€Å"word of honor† as used by the prisoners of war when they take an oath of never to engage again in the warfare if released. In some states during 1938, parole, as a conditional pardon, was already practiced. The first recorded official practice of an early release of a convict was during the time of Samuel Howe. It was favored because of the problem in overcrowding in prison increased.[3] In Tennessee, a board of probation and parole, an independent State Commission composed of seven members appointed by the governor, decides whether the offender will be granted the privilege of a conditional release or if he will remain in prison[4]. The factors that parole board considers in granting parole are public safety, age, mental stability, marital status, educational background, repentance, time served, criminal records, level of severity of the offense, actions, rehabilitative efforts, and conduct while incarcerated.[5] A parole is a privilege and not a right, the possibility of denying a parole will happen when the parole board finds that: One, there is a great risk for the defendant to defy the conditions of the release program; secondly, if granting of the release will cause decrease in practicing of the crime that the offender is guilty of or it will promote disrespect for the law; next is if it will have an unpleasant effect on institutional discipline; and lastly, if the release will effective for the enhancement of the convict’s capacity to live a law-abiding life.[6] A prosecutor and a judge decide for probation requests. When under probation or parole the requirements include obey all laws of the society, report change of employment or address to probation officers, refrain from using drugs or alcohol, undergo random several drug tests, and limit traveling unless permitted by a probation officer.[7] States differ in the time span of probation and parole depending on the offense and behavior of the offender. Probation has a maximum of sixty months or five years while parole can be lifetime supervision if a person is paroled because of a murder case or given a penalty of a life sentence.[8] In California, there are two types of probation, the formal probation and the informal probation. In formal probation, the defendant is scheduled, usually once a month, to meet with the assigned probation officer for a regular report. In informal probation, scheduled meetings are not necessary but the defendant must complete the terms of sentence and should not be engaged in trouble. The defendant’s sentence may take account of different sanctions such as community service like cleaning public places, medical and educational mission programs of the government; counseling or rehabilitation, several unannounced drug testing, paying of required fines and penalties based on financial status of the offender and the intensity of the crime committed, reimbursement to the victim, and even house confinement under monitor or imprisonment. [9] Intensive supervised probation is a form of release wherein the offender undergoes a close monitoring and strict conditions. Individuals on ISP are those who have committed serious crimes like for an example murder. They are given excessive restrictions including regular meeting with the officers for reports because of the belief that these will discourage, or at least meddle, any possible criminal acts that is ongoing. Shock probation is another form in which the offender is initially sentenced with imprisonment.   After being brought before a judge after thirty, sixty or ninety days, his sentence is lifted into probation. In split sentence, the sentence of the offender includes imprisonment and probation. Appearing before a judge is also not required. The person will be jailed first, and then will undergo probation. Split sentence and shock probation are often used interchangeably.[10] If the convicted person violated his probation or parole, the possible sanctions are: increase in the level of supervision or imposing more strict regulations, house arrest with close monitoring, revocation of probation or parole, or jail confinement.[11] How can probation be violated? The most common violation includes the following situations: a person under probation or parole is required to pay fines and restitution as reimbursement to the victim, if he failed to do so a violation is committed; failure to complete required programs such as rehabilitation and community service; he is required to attend required court appearance for a progress report and not appearing is also a form of violation; defying of rules like when he is limited to visit some persons or travel into places but then he still insists; failure to attend on scheduled reports to a probation officer; changing his identity, employment, or other status conditions without reporting it to the officers; possession of illegal substances for instance drugs, alcohols or weapons; and lastly engaging in new crimes for he is required to stay out of trouble to avoid new offenses that may lead to revocation of the privilege. The judge and the prosecutor reflect on many factors in considering a probation violation. These includes: the nature and seriousness of the probation violation; the records of the offender in committing violations; the unlawful activity close to the probation violation; justifying conditions of violating the probation; the officer’s view of the violation whether he sees the violation as a big deal or something that can be dealt with; and the time when the violation is committed whether it happened in the beginning, middle or the end of the probation term or period.[12] In case of a serious violation, a parole violation hearing is required. It will be composed of the parolee, the probation officer and a board of selected individuals. Lawyers are excluded in the hearing. In a probation violation hearing, the defendant is allowed to seek help from his lawyer to represent him in the court. In case of a minor violation, sometimes, it can be dealt with the probation officer and no need to take the case in the court, which will just include some verbal warnings.[13] Probation and parole are just temporary release and if technical violations, like failure to follow the parole or probation conditions, or new offense, like performing another criminal act, are committed during the period of supervision, then the privilege can be revoked. Probation revocation is initiated by the probation officer. The defendant will be sent with a notification letter of the alleged violation, and then will undergo a preliminary hearing at which a legal authority will decide whether the evidence and claims are acceptable to pursue the hearing, if warranted; the revocation process will take place. During revocation trials, probationers are permitted to state under oath in their own behalf and have witnesses and lawyers at hand. The proofs that are presented in the revocation hearing are not as standard as of the usual criminal hearings, usually, simple evidence are enough. The possible decisions of the hearing, if found guilty, may include return to supervision, notice with re-establishment to supervision, or jail time. The revocation of parole is almost similar to probation; the difference is that probation is administrated by judicial decisions while the other is through administrative measures.   When arrest warrants are issued, the officers are empowered to take custody of the parolee with the maximum time of forty-eight hours. This happens when the offender is found to be a great threat to the community like when he is committing more severe crimes such as murder, rape, burglary and many others. However, when alleged of violation, a parolee has the right to receive a written notice before the revocation proceeding. He is also allowed to verify accusations of violating parole as well as the right to explain himself whether the evidences presented are correct and reliable that will prove that the violation actually happened. He may confront and interrogate petitioners. He should also receive a written explanation for the decisions concerning the revocation of the parole and what evidence was presented and considered in the outcome of the case. [14] Here are some statistical reports in probation and parole cases according to United States of America’s Department of Justice: At the end of the year 2005, over 4.9 million adults were under Federal, State, or local probation or parole authority; more or less 4.2 million on probation and eight hundred thousand on parole. There was a 0.06% increase in the population of probationers and parolees –an increase of thirty thousand during the year which is greater than a fifth of the average annual increase of 2.8% since 1995. There are twenty-three percent and twelve percent women in the nation’s population of probationers and parolees, respectively. Adults on probation are composed of fifty-five percent white, thirty percent black and thirteen percent Hispanic while those on parole have forty-one percent white, forty percent black, and eighteen percent Hispanic. Convicts released from prison because of parole board decision dropped to thirty-one percent from fifty percent in 2005, while compulsory discharge based on a constitutional prerequisite turn into fifty-one from a previous record of forty-five percent. Since 1995 to 2005, forty-five percent of the parolees completed their terms and conditions while thirty-eight percent were returned to jail, and eleven percent of them escaped. As of 2001, fifteen US states and the federal government had abolished parole programs[15]. Even with probation and parole programs, the number of offenders is still increasing. Law-breakers are everywhere and the governments of different states and countries never stop in seeking for the resolution for this problem. Aside from probation and parole, petitions for pardons and a death penalty charge has been passed to the government and is being implemented to some states and countries. But then, overcrowding in jail or prison is still the greatest challenge to the correctional institution.[16] Probation and parole are both implemented so that an offender may still have the chance to live in the community, though under supervision but at least free from the cold bars of jail, while still paying for the crime that he committed proving he is capable of obeying the law and abiding the society’s norms. As Augustus said, every person has the right for second chances. Not because an individual made a mistake once, he should be punished for the rest of his life. The driving force that pushed him to do such criminal acts should be changed and rehabilitated to prevent more serious crimes in the future.   But before a privilege is granted, everything must first undergo the legal process. References: Law Library-American Law and Legal information::Crime and Justice Vol.3 retrieved July 2, 2007 from http://law.jrank.org/pages/1817/Probation-Parole-History-Goals-Decision-Making-Origins-probation-parole.html Encyclopedia of Everyday Law retrieved July 3, 2007 from http://law.enotes.com/everyday-law-encyclopedia/probation-and-parole http://www2.state.tn.us/bopp/bopp_faq.htm http://www.legalmatch.com/law-library/article/parole-and-probation.html http://www.hmichaelsteinberg.com/probationparole.htm http://www.michigan.gov/corrections/0,1607,7-119-1435,00.html Stephen Rodriguez and Associates. http://www.probationviolationattorney.com/ U.S. Department of Justice  Ã‚ ·Ã‚  Office of Justice Programs Bureau of Justice Statistics http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pandp.htm [1] http://www.legalmatch.com/law-library/article/parole-and-probation.html [2] http://law.jrank.org/pages/1817/Probation-Parole-History-Goals-Decision-Making-Origins-probation-parole.html [3] http://law.enotes.com/everyday-law-encyclopedia/probation-and-parole [4] http://www2.state.tn.us/bopp/bopp_faq.htm [5] http://www.legalmatch.com/law-library/article/parole-and-probation.html [6] http://www.hmichaelsteinberg.com/probationparole.htm [7] http://www.legalmatch.com/law-library/article/parole-and-probation.html [8] http://www.hmichaelsteinberg.com/probationparole.htm [9] Law Library-American Law and Legal information::Crime and Justice Vol.3 retrieved July 2, 2007 from http://law.jrank.org/pages/1817/Probation-Parole-History-Goals-Decision-Making-Origins-probation-parole.html [10] http://law.enotes.com/everyday-law-encyclopedia/probation-and-parole [11] Encyclopedia of Everyday Law retrieved July 3, 2007 from http://law.enotes.com/everyday-law-encyclopedia/probation-and-parole [12] http://www.probationviolationattorney.com [13] http://www.probationviolationattorney.com [14] http://law.enotes.com/everyday-law-encyclopedia/probation-and-parole [15] http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pandp.htm [16] Encyclopedia of Everyday Law retrieved July 3, 2007 from http://law.enotes.com/everyday-law-encyclopedia/probation-and-parole

Benefits of Population Control

Benefits of Population Control Population environment is the investigation of how populations -of plants, creatures, and different life forms -change about whether and space and connect with natures turf. Populations are assemblies of creatures of the same species living in the same region in the meantime. They are depicted by aspects that incorporate: population measure is the amount of people in the population, population thickness is what number of people are in a specific zone and population development is the extent of the population is changing about weather. Exponential development works by leveraging expands in population size, and does not oblige builds in population development rates.one of the most testing requisitions of population development examination is to anticipate human population development. The human population surpassed six billion individuals in 1999, and is normal achieving nine billion preceding 2050. It is to some degree astounding to understand that it took all of mankinds history for the human population to achieve one billion individuals — which happened around one thousand eight hundred — then a little over a hundred years to twofold to two million, and only 40 years to twofold from three to six billion. Natural assets are under expanding weight, undermining open health and improvement. Water deficiencies, soil fatigue, misfortune of timberlands, air and water contamination, and debasement of coastlines beset numerous regions. As the worlds population develops, enhancing housing measures without obliterating natures domain is a worldwide challenge. Most created economies right now devour assets much quicker than they can recover. Most creating nations with fast population development confront the pressing necessity to enhance living standards. Environmentalists and economists progressively concur that endeavors to ensure natures domain and to attain better living models could be nearly joined and are commonly fortifying. Moderating the expansion in population, particularly despite climbing for every capita interest for characteristic assets, can take weight off natures turf and purchase time to enhance living models on an economical nuts and bolts. As population and interest for regular assets keep on growwing, natural points of confinement will get to be progressively apparent. Water deficiencies are relied upon to influence almost three billion individuals in 2025, with sub-Saharan Africa most noticeably bad affected. Many nations could maintain a strategic distance from ecological emergencies assuming that they took steps now to preserve and oversee supplies and request better, while abating population development by giving families and people data and administrations required to settle on educated decisions about conception. Present rates of population development cannot proceed. Recently, bargain numerous governments capabilities to give training, social insurance, and nourishment security for individuals, considerably less their capacities to raise living guidelines. This hole between numbers and assets is all the all the more forcing on the grounds that such an extensive amount the population development is packed in low-wage nations, environmentally hindered districts, and poor family units. Notwithstanding, the population issue is not singularly about numbers. Whats more neediness and asset debasement can exist on meagerly populated terrains, for example, the dry lands and the tropical timberlands. Individuals are a definitive asset. Enhancements in training, health, and sustenance permit them to better utilize the assets they order, to extend them further. Moreover, dangers to the manageable utilization of assets come to the extent that favoritisms in individuals right to gain entrance to assets an d from the courses in which they utilize them as from the sheer amounts of individuals. Consequently, concern over the population issue additionally calls forward sympathy toward human advancement and human correspondence. Giving individuals the intends to pick the measure of their families is not only a strategy for keeping population in parity with assets; it is a method for guaranteeing particularly for ladies the fundamental human right of determination toward oneself. The degree to which offices for practicing such decisions are made accessible is itself a measure of a countrys improvement. In the same way. upgrading human potential advertises improvement as well as serves to guarantee the right of all to a full and stately life. Population development and advancement are connected in mind boggling ways. Financial improvement creates assets that could be utilized to enhance training and health. These changes, alongside co-partnered social progressions, diminish both richness and death rates. Then again, high rates of population development that consume into surpluses accessible for budgetary and social advancement can obstruct upgrades in instruction and health. Previously, the escalation of farming and the processing of higher yields helped countries adapt to the expanding population weights on accessible area. Movement and universal exchange nourishment and energizes moved the weight on neighborhood assets. They allowed and helped maintain the high population densities of some industrialized nations. The circumstances are distinctive in a large portion of the creating scene. There, enhancements in pharmaceutical and open health have prompted a sharp drop in death rates and have quickened population development rates to uncommon levels. Be that as it may, richness rates remain high; much human potential remains hidden, and financial advancement is stalled. Rural heightening can go somehow towards restoring a harmony between sustenance processing and population, however there are cutoff points past which strengthening cannot go. The precise plausibility of advancement could be bargained by high population development rates. In addition, most creating nations dont have the assets to sit tight for a couple of eras before population stabilizes. The alternative of relocation to new terrains is practically shut. Whats more low levels of monetary and social advancement joined with changing exchange processing connections limit potential outcomes of utilizing universal exchange to expand access to assets. Consequently, without planned measures, the irregularity between population development and asset improvement will decline. Population weight is now constraining universal agriculturists to work harder, regularly on contracting distinction on minimal area, simply to support family wage. In Africa and Asia, rustic population about multiplied with a comparing decrease in area accessibility. Quick population development additionally makes urban budgetary and social issues that debilitate to make urban communities wholly unmanageable. In this way, numerous governments must deal with a few fronts to utmost population development; to control the effect of such development on assets and, with expanding learning, augment their reach and enhance their profit; to acknowledge human potential so individuals can better spouse and utilization assets; and to furnish individuals with manifestations of government disability other than substantial amounts of youngsters. The method for fulfilling these objectives will differ from nation to nation, however all ought to remember that practical investment development and fair gain access to assets are two of the more certain courses towards easier ripeness rates. In conclusion, increased speculations will be required simply to administer the current deficient levels of access to instruction, health awareness, and different administrations. As a rule, the assets obliged are simply not accessible. Health, lodging conditions, and the nature of instruction and open administrations all break down; unemployment, urban float, and social agitation increment.

Bestimmtheit in Short Film :: Movies History Time D.W. Griffith Papers

Bestimmtheit in Short Film Short film has been around for longer than many of us think. The very first films made in the early 1910s were not feature-length by any stretch of the imagination, and never more than 15 minutes long. D. W. Griffith, well-known for experimentation in cinematography, was the first director to venture into films longer than 15 minutes. These first films were short films (or "shorts"), these pioneer directors experimenting with what they could or could not do with a moving camera. Early shorts involved filming people boarding a train, or some similar mundane act. People reacted to this, and flocked to watch these movies, simply because of the novelty of watching reflections, instead of shadows, on screen. But as the audience got more sophisticated, filmmakers began to see the need to innovate. In the 1920s, experiments in surrealism occurred, with people, such as Salvadore Dali, dabbling in the "new" art of filmmaking (Cooper, ii). Despite great advances made in the field of technologi cal expertise and film technique, short films of today still suffer from the same limitation that their predecessors had: time. For a single narrative to be compressed within 15 minutes, the director and scriptwriter have to be sure that every single object within the mise-en-scà ©ne is of absolute relevance, thus maximising the use of screen-time (also known as "story-time", or histoire). This essay uses a contemporary short film and an 18th century text to discuss Chatman's concern of bestimmtheit in films. I hope to address certain concerns such as the extent to which a film can "specify" a particular object and what this specification does with regards to our understanding of the text. In addition, I will relate the compression of information into imagery to the limitations of time, given that a short film has a limit of 15 minutes. To do this, I shall analyse the cinematography of the short film, and show how relevant they are in bringing out certain scenarios described in Defoe's text. The short film in question is The Periwig-Maker, a clay-animated film directed by Stephen Schaeffler and narrated by actor Kenneth Brannagh, and it will be analysed with relation to the text it is based on, A Journal of the Plague Year by Daniel Defoe. To clarify certain misconceptions regarding the origin of The Periwig-Maker, let me first add a disclaimer. Stephen Schaeffler had based the events that

Foreshadowing in To Build a Fire :: London To Build a Fire Essays

Foreshadowing in To Build a Fire In the story "To Build a Fire" by Jack London, foreshadowing is often used. In this story foreshadowing is an effective way to build up a climax. The foreshadowing is both shown by the environment and things the characters say. An example of environmental foreshadowing was when it said, "Fifty degrees below zero stood for a bite of frost that hurt and that must be guarded against.... "Another example was when the man's "fire was blotted out." These examples show that the cold will be the man's doom, but foreshadow only by telling the necessary details. A major point of foreshadowing was what the oldtimer told the man. The oldtimer told the man that "no man must travel alone in the Klondike after fifty below." If the man would have listened, he could have survived. Because he didn't listen; he lost his life. In conclusion, if you read this story carefully you will pick up the small hints and know the outcome of the story. This also shows that foreshadowing can be direct statements or simple statements of fact. Self Confidence Once a man's self confidence is shaken, it becomes increasingly difficult to act rationally. If you are in a life or death situation, every decision you make stacks the odds either for or against you. Once you make a few bad decisions, you realize that your chances for survival are getting slimmer and slimmer. As this fact settles into your conscious mind, it produces panic. Panic is what happens when the brain can't handle the information it is given. Panic takes over rationality, and as a result, you do and say things that are uncharacteristic of you. Panic destroys your self confidence. In Jack London's short story "To Build a Fire" the reader watches a man's mental condition go from high to devastatingly low. At the first of the story, he is very self confident in his own abilities. This is evident by the way he keeps saying the he will be in camp by six. Also, when one suddenly becomes physically handicapped, and abilities that he depends on and previously took for granted are not available to him, he tends to act very insecurely and unstably.

My Country Armenia :: History

My Country Armenia Everybody loves to go to different places.On weekends people enjoy going out of town.I like to visit my country Armenia. You and your freinds are going to take a trip to Armenia. Armenia is a small European country that was part of the Soviet Union. However, you will have to make some preparations and do some research so as to make the best of use of your time and money.So, my country Armenia has a lot of interesting and attractive places to visit for tourist. Now I want to introduce some of the beautiful places in my country Armenia. They are Yerevan, Echmiadzin and Lake Sevan. One fantastic place to visit in my country is Yerevan. Yerevan, the capital of Armenia is a big and beautiful city. It has a population of about one million people; also, it is a mixture of ancient old, and new. Yerevan was built on tragedy and dreams. The heart of Yerevan of the city is Republic Square. In the centre of the square towering over it stands a magnificent building. It houses the Museum of History of Armenia and the National Art Gallery. They are all built in the style of national architecture. In front of the National Gallery there is a beautiful fountain where the townspeople like to walk in hot summer evenings. This fountain is continued by a series of fountains in the park across the square. Also, Republic Square is the hub of major avenue and streets. The city is climb to the top of the hills, you will see a sweeping panorama. One of them is the Swallow's Fortress park. In the same park you can see the pride of the townspeople-Sports and Concert gall that graces the hill. It is a modern construction latest in architecture. Moreover, the cultural centre of the city is Theatre square on the site of which Opera-House is located. It is an impressive building with a beautiful collonade. The Opera-House overlooks a green are of parks, too. In one of the parks of Yerevan in a quiet corner is the Pantheon of the distingnished people of Armenia. In addition, Yerevan is a city of students. There are more than 20 higher educational institutions. Above all, Yerevan is a very hospitable city. Nowhere in the world you find such traditions of receiving guests as in Transcaucasia. Another fantastic place to visit in my country Armenia is Echmiadzin.

Families Are Not as Close as They Used to Be Essay

With divorce rates and family breakdowns increasing globally, it is generally accepted that families today ate not as close as they used to be. Discuss the causes of this prblem and offer some possible solutions to it. Divorce rates were increasing faster than few decades ago, it is not a rare thing that happens in daily life. Many families have to change to previous life and to adjust the inconveniences. In the essay, I intend to discuss the relevant reasons behind this phenomenon. Chief among these causes is the modern lifestyle. Since the financial stresses are heavier than past years, parents need to have a double-income to support their family, which will help them to get a better quality of life. Admittedly, it is very difficult to have a sufficient education under parentless environment. They are departed from their parents most of times. Without a doubt, they feel alienated and have to face the time being alone. Another contributing reason is the ways of entertainment have been changed to internet related activities, which only involved single player. In order to resolve this problem, I believe we must first address its root causes. If one of parents can have more time to stay at home and to take care of their children, they will feel less alienated. In the situation of receiving the incentive from government, one of parents could fully education their children and don’t need to worry about the financial constrains. Yet, the incentive might not bring as much compensation as the income from working does. Parents could at least remain the fundamental quality of the life, at the same time, to soften the hardship of their family. One further measure would be to promote more interact leisure activities from local government and thorough any public efforts. In the conclusion, I believe that it is a clear problem of such complex that no solution in a short term. However, I believe the measure outlined above will lay a good basis to start.

Danger of Cell Phone

In 2010, Opera Winfred, a talk show host, dedicated her show to nearly 500,000 people that re Injured and 6,000 that are killed each year because drivers are talking and testing while operating. Statistics and also real life events show If a person Is testing, talking and emailing on a mobile device while operating a motor vehicle Is a threat on the road. Fox News reported on 2008, a California Metro Link train carrying passenger collided with a freight train because the engineer who's responsible for deleting the train was testing.Now only the engineer In question was kill but also 25 Innocent passengers, making it the deadliest accident to date that involved the use of mobile device. Studies show the use of mobile device can become an addiction just like a drug, which can ruin relationships, distract you from dangerous event and also initiate dangerous scenario. Huffing Post conducted a research call â€Å"Are You Addicted to Your Cell Phone? † Huffing Post concluded in thei r survey that 66 percent of American is afraid to be separated from their phone.Why is that percentage bad? It is bad because those individual who are afraid to be separated from there phone are addicted which resulted to neglect to other human body. This addiction also causes relationship breakup, family neglect and even made people lose their jobs. There is also some health concerns and risk that involves using your cell phone. As of 2010, there are over 303 million cell phone subscriber in the United State, according to Cellular telecommunication and Internet Association.A research was conducted by The National Cancer Institute showing cell phones emit radionuclide energy, a form of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation, which can be absorbed by tissues closet to where the phone is held. Ohio State University had conducted a survey showing pedestrians treated in U. S. Emergency rooms for Injuries related to phone use while walking. Since 2005 that number had double. Now today In New York and many other states you will see on some streets the word â€Å"look† printed on the ground for those cell phone user that use their phone while walking.Cell user must beware of all concerns, health Issues and risk that Involve the use of a mobile device. If cell phone holders not able to put his or her cell phone away while operating a motor vehicle It can be a reason for a fatal accident. Someone relationship, love ones and employment could be terminated because of there addiction to a cell phone. Lastly excessive exposure of your hand held device to the cell phone device but Just be mindful of the effects it may cause.

Impacts of Negative Leadership Essay

Leadership carries considerable influence and responsibility within any organization. Leaders are challenged daily with how to manage this influence effectively. Communication plays a key role in this approach and can have significant impacts to the leader and their staff. The purpose of this paper is to explore the impacts of negative leadership behavior regarding communication and effects on the team as well as the overall organization. Experience with Negative Leadership Behavior Over my career, there have been negative leadership behaviors experienced with both direct mangers and senior management. One of the most destructive is lack of communication. Recently, an executive manager was going to be out of the office for an entire week. This leader has four direct reports of which three are group leaders. The executive manager casually mentions to one of the direct reports that she will be out of the office the following week at a seminar. The direct report appropriately relays this information to their team supervisor to address any concerns or open issues in advance of this absence. The same communication was not made to the remaining three direct reports, in any form, by the executive manager. As the business week of the absence began, the other three direct reports incur an issue & require assistance from the executive manager. These managers were rendered unproductive and left wondering when the leader was going to be in the office so that they can discuss the problem at hand. During subsequent discussions, the team supervisor aware of the absence is the one to notify the other three direct reports that their direct manager was out for the week. The gap in communication impacted the teams noted but also other service partners and finally the client due to the delays in resolving the issue timely. It is also important to note that this is not an isolated incident but had happened previously having similar impacts to the same parties noted above. Analysis of Leadership Behavior The leadership behavior described in this experience appears straightforward at the surface but is far reaching in its impact to the firm. The leader showed consistent lack of personal integrity as well as respect and empathy for her staff by not relating her accessibility on a regular basis. It impacts the morale of the direct reports and deteriorates their working relationships & ability to collaborate. The leader did not inform all direct reports of her absence. Without a collective knowledge, a subset of the larger reporting team was less effective and efficient during this time. This also created a gap in escalation when issues arose. Lastly it weakens the culture of inclusion. By being excluded, part of the management staff experienced a decrease in satisfaction subsequently affecting their overall performance. Attrition is a by product as well of this negative behavior. Supporting Research of Negative Leadership Behavior â€Å"For it is character through which leadership is exercised, it is character that sets the example and is imitated in turn†¦. The more successfully tomorrow’s manager does his work, the greater will be the integrity required of him†¦. No matter what a man’s general education or his adult education for management, what will be decisive above all, in the future even more than in the past, is neither education nor skill; it is integrity of character† stated Drucker (1954) reiterating the important of reliability in leadership positions. Leading by example creates the ability for the team to tangibly see this character on a daily basis. Additional leadership duties like consideration and management of emotions are becoming more important in the leader-membership interaction per Meike, Jacobs & Soares (2012). As these duties increase so will the need for leaders to develop empathetic skills with regard to their staff. This will include appreciation, trust and open communication. Per Fuller and Green (2005), leaders are responsible for embedding strategy in the organization by developing an excellent team, picking the right roles and allowing the rest of the team to make the strategic moves. This requires teams that can function in unison with high level of collaboration. Lack of communication will cause a disjointed approach affecting the vision of the organization ultimately impacting the firm’s success. Hoffman, Bynum, Piccolo and Sutton (2011) noted that transformational leaders are able to articulate a vision that emphasizes the way in which collective goals are consonant with follower values, causing followers to regard organizational goals as their own and submit extra effort toward goals and accomplishments. This sets the groundwork for a culture of inclusion within an organization. When strong unified behavior, values and beliefs have been developed, a strong organizational cultures does emerge per Tsai (2011). Leaders have a primary role in growing and upholding the firm’s culture. It encourages performance and leads to long lasting job satisfaction. When this is not present, organizations will see increased conflict, reduced dialogue between managers and teams and a progressively dysfunctional environment. According to social identify theory, unfair treatment from supervisors may arouse a negative identification which in turn leads employees’ negative behaviors in organizations as outlined by Duan, Lam, Chen and Zhong (2010). This emphasizes the pattern of negative leadership behavior that has the ability to funnel throughout the entire organization is not addressed. Recommendation for Strengthening Leadership Behavior Leadership is a dynamic, ever changing role and requires the leader to be aware of her own behavior and the potential impacts of this behavior on the team. In this situation, the leader needs to understand the value of leading by example. For the team to utilize the leader for her depth of knowledge and broader perspective, a level of reliability needs to be established. From a time management standpoint, simple steps like sharing the leader’s calendar with direct reports could alleviate this issue on a go-forward. This type of planning and organization will benefit the leader as well as the staff’s perception of her abilities and character. Interpersonal skills like active listening, feedback and conflict resolution are critical as well for any leader. Being able to engage her direct reports and the larger staff in a meaningful way will allow for the team dynamic to shift to a positive state. These relationships can be developed through mentoring and engaging the direct reports in projects or other work the leader is responsible for providing insight to her managers of the next level and current challenges of the firm. This end to end view develops the direct reports as well as building a more full bodied relationship with the leader. The impact to the organization also needs a voice n acknowledging the effects of this negative behavior. The leader is accountable for the resulting impacts of any action they take while representing the firm. In this case, the lower performance and higher attrition are concrete costs to the organization. The leader needs to answer for the consequences ofher behavior to a higher power like senior management, stock holders or similar. Conclusion Negative leadership behavior comes in many forms and lack of communication is one of the most pervasive. This paper provides an example of this type of negative leadership and the effects to the staff and organization. It also provides an outline of productive steps to modify the leader’s behavior and limit the adverse impacts in the future. References Duan, J. , Lam, W. , Chen, Z. , & Zhong, J. A. (2010). Leadership justice, negative organizational behaviors, and mediating effect of affective commitment. Social Behavior and Personality, 38(9), 1287-1296. doi: 10. 2224/sbp. 2010. 38. 9. 1287 Drucker, P. (1954). The practice of management. New York, NY: Harper & Row. Fuller, J. N. , Green, J. C. (2005). The leader’s role in strategy. Graziadio Business Review, 8(2). Retrieved from http://gbr. pepperdine. edu/2010/08/the-leaders-role-in-strategy/ Hoffman, B. J. , Bynum, B. H. , Piccolo, R. F. , & Sutton, A. W. (2011). Person-organization value Congruence: How transformational leaders influence work group effectiveness. Academy of Management Journal, 54(4), 779-796. Meike, S. , Jacobs, K. , Soares, M. M. (2012). Emotions and leadership. Reason and impact of emotions in the organizational context. Work, 41, 5671-5673. doi 10. 3233/WOR-2012-0915-5671 Tsai, Y. (2011). Relationship between organizational culture, leadership behavior and job satisfaction. BMC Health Services Research, 11(1), 98-106. doi: 10. 1186/1472-6963-11-98

Relations of Television Viewing and Reading Essay

A lot of studies concerning television viewing impacts on students’ academic performance have been made, but there are still questions related to this that are needed to be answered. To bring more clarifications in this aspect, Marco Ennemoser and Wolfgang Scheider conducted the study entitled â€Å"Relations of Television Viewing and Reading: Findings From a 4-Year Longitudinal Study†. As stated in the article, the study aims to determine the long-term effects of television viewing on the development of children’s reading competencies. After conducting scientific processes and methods among German children, the researchers were able to conclude that television viewing has a negative effect on students’ reading skills. The article was generally informative and reliable. There were some technical errors in the writing procedure, but the study itself was a success. Summary On the first part of the article, the researchers discussed four inhibition hypotheses which plausibly explain how television viewing may hinder one’s reading development. These inhibition hypotheses are: 1. Displacement hypothesis – reading time may be displaced by television watching. 2. Passivity hypothesis – low mental effort in television watching may anchor reduced effort in reading and writing. 3. Concentration Deterioration hypothesis – television’s rapid changes in context and pacing may cause children’s inability to concentrate on a task. 4. Reading Depreciation hypothesis – Students’ motivation in investing energy in learning may diminish due to pleasant experiences with television. After discussing these hypotheses, the researchers enlighten up the positive side by referring to facilitation hypothesis. This hypothesis views television as a facilitator to one’s reading development. Then, other factors affecting children’s intellectual ability such as IQ and SES were discussed. Methodological problems among previous studies explaining relationship between television watching and academic achievement were given attention. The researchers analyzed the flaws in their methodologies in order to create a better methodological design for their own study. The study was conducted for 4 years among 2 age cohorts of German children. Cohort 1 is composed of kindergarten students, while cohort 2 is composed second grade students. Their families also collaborated with the researchers to keep records of their viewing time and the genre of the programs they were viewing. Tests were given to measure their reading speed and reading comprehension. Data gathered from the 4-year study were analyzed. Results showed that TV genre affected the students’ reading achievement. Educational programs had positive effects on their reading achievement. On the other hand, entertainment programs were negatively correlated with reading comprehension. The results also showed that viewing type/duartion (light, medium, and heavy) is related to their reading progress over time. Light and medium viewers have faster reading progress compared to the heavy viewers. Critique In the research paper of Marco Ennemoser and Wolfgang Scheider, hypotheses concerning the effects of television viewing on reading achievement were discussed. This is actually a good start. Putting up background information about possible results of the study would create a better understanding on readers’ perspective. This gave them the opportunity to relate studies’ results to formulated hy However, the hypotheses reviewed by the researchers seem to be lacking. On a studyconducted by Mary Antonette De Ocampo of Univeristy of the Philippines – Diliman, 2 more theories behind child’s television viewing werecited. The first one is the information processing theory which, according to her thesis paper, says that â€Å"learners are viewed as active seekers and processors of information† (De Ocampo, 2007). The other one is the short-term gratification theory which, also according to her thesis paper, says that â€Å"television programming promotes short attention spans and quick fix magical answers that are non-conducive to high levels of school success†(De Ocampo, 2007). Results shown by Marco Ennemoser and Wolfgang Scheider’s study reflect these two hypotheses cited in De Ocampo’s study. If these were included in their study, then these two hypotheses would be enlightened and there would be more contribution to the body knowledge of television viewing. Methods were expounded all throughout the paper but not in a concise manner. There were cases wherein concepts related to methods were discussed more than once. It would be more convenient to readers if methodological processes were summed up into one section. Through this, it would be easier to locate the overall procedure conducted in the study. Materials, equipment, and procedure were also not explained well in the article. According to Kastenset. al. , method section of a scientific paper must include description of materials, procedure, and theory (www. ldeo. columbia. edu, nd. ). Descriptions are needed so that readers would be able to understand the context meaning of certain words included in the paper. For example, the study did not describe what general audience entertainment programs are and how they differ from educational programs. There was a gray line between those two. There are educational programs which could be entertainment programs, too. There is a need for clarifications of descriptions. This very crucial in the conduction of study because the parents, who will record the TV programs genre watched by their children, must be informed well so that they would be able to classify the genre of certain TV programs. Yes, the researchers listed the title of educational programs in their study, but how about the audience entertainment programs? Also, descriptions are important in this for future reference.

Events management law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Events management law - Essay Example The paper then touches on three fundamental legal issues that were bound to affect the organisres of the event. The issues touched on are contracts, sponsorship and health and safety laws. The law of contracts is looked into in light of the fact that these organisers must engage other parties in the planning and running the event. As a result, they must appreciate the importance of contracts and use the relevant laws to ensure they get what they deserve The laws of sponsorship are discussed with the knowledge that the Australian Parliament passed a bill to regulate ambush marketing in the course of the games. Besides, there are many other legal dimensions of sponsorship laws that the organisers need to understand, and these are covered quite well in the section. Finally, the report looks into the aspect of health and safety for the parties involved in the event. The value of understanding the various aspects of this field are looked into and carefully covered. It is after this that a list of recommendations is drawn to show the importance of legal counsel and empowerment to organisers of such events as this. The law is an expansive field that covers all or most aspects of life. The law is especially special in the business world since in this field, all stakeholders come with diverse personal interests. As a result a code to govern the operations of business ventures is fundamental to ensure smooth running and a reference for conflict resolution when necessary. In the world of business, events form a substantial fraction. In fact, a single major event easily affects a host of other businesses in tremendous ways. The fact that events are key and lucrative business ventures means that a lot of entrepreneurs will want to venture in this form of business. Consequently, a clearly defined legal system is fundamental to help regulate the business processes related to events. In this paper, The Commonwealth Games

Young Goodman Brown Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Young Goodman Brown - Essay Example 1. Analysis of Allegory and Symbolism Allegory and symbolism in the naming of characters The forest and the Devil 2. Faust myth, Puritanism and the American culture Christian symbolism Salvation and fulfillment of temptation 3. The role of the unconscious mind as a key aspect of the narrative 4. The meaning behind Goodman Brown’s journey into the forest The spiritual state of mankind Conflict between church and state The battle between evil and good 5. The allegorical representation of Faith Faith as a fictional character Pink ribbons 6. Conclusion The tale that has been narrated in Young Goodman Brown is a representation of a plethora of emotions, understandings and feelings that individuals confront in their quest of life. However, this characteristic of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s narrative is only observable from a broader perspective because the centre of the story focuses on a notion that dictates the actions of the characters and especially those of the protagonist, Go odman Brown. As stated by Ellis Nathaniel Hawthorne’s work â€Å"is the classic American short story of a guilty conscience† (2). ... Indeed, the naming of Goodman Brown’s better half as Faith is not a coincidence or happenstance; in fact this decision of Hawthorne’s is one of the many evidences which point towards the writer’s desire to lace his narrative with Christian symbolism. Zhu identifies the naming of characters as an example of the use of allegorical devices, a comprehension of which can aid readers in comprehending the narrative and what the writer intends to project through the journey of his protagonist into the forest (58). The purpose of this paper is to examine the presence of Christian symbolism, allegory, imagery and representations of faith in Young Goodman Brown by exploring and addressing a range of questions to enhance the scope of the discussion. Furthermore, other aspects of the narrative that are analyzed in the paper involve an interpretation of dialogues to develop a conceptual understanding of their meaning and their critical role in the development of the story. Acc ording to Zhu, the first vivid representation of the use of allegorical devices is evident in the naming of the characters, for the writer the protagonist’s name appears to represent a striking contrast where â€Å"Young† is essentially indicative of the character’s innocence and inexperience while, â€Å"Brown† defines his attraction to the somber and ominous forest which is the key setting of Hawthorne’s short story (58). As stated previously, it is the name of the protagonist’s wife which comes across as striking and intriguing when used within the context of the story and what it fundamentally represents. Zhu comments on Goodman Brown’s exclamation of the words â€Å"My Faith is gone!†when he

Report on the case study Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Report on the case study - Coursework Example Critical Management Studies stresses at looking the organisation and management theory from wide variety of groups which are affected by educators and business managers who instruct them. Critical theory is one of the important philosophical foundations of critical management studies. Critical theory has more influence on development on CMS than any other related theoretical foundations like post-structuralism, labour process theory, critical realism etc. Critical theory has a distinct paradigmatic characteristics and unique philosophical tradition. Critical theory basically stresses on the reflective assessment by applying knowledge from humanities and social sciences. Critical management studies brought together post-structural writings and critical theory, but since then it as developed into more diverse directions. This report will take a look at the case study of Experiencing Depersonalised bullying with respect to call-centre agents. The case provided is based on the depersonalized bullying which occurs on the call-centre agents who are employed in International call centres in Bangalore and Mumbai in India. It focuses on the oppressive regime faced by them in the workplace. The kind of bullying regime faced by them can be attributed to the service level agreements which exist between the clients and employers. This sets the tone for organisational practices. The call centre agents accept such kind of tough working conditions because of material gains and professional identities gained by them. Capitalist labour relations in the workplace bullying set the tone for such kind of oppression in the workplace. Call centre industry in India is an emerging industry. It is known as ITES-BPO sector which now contributes majorly to global offshoring business. In countries like South Africa, Philippines, Latin America and Eastern Europe this sector are an emerging sector while in India it remains in the developing stage. There

Impacts and Strategies of Seasonality in the Tourism Industry Dissertation

Impacts and Strategies of Seasonality in the Tourism Industry - Dissertation Example Seasonality has been mostly found to affect the businesses of the tourist enterprises. It has been obtained that seasonality is mostly caused by the changing climatic conditions depending on different times of the year. Thus while during the summer months, the number of visitors at a particular locations might be recorded to be at its peak; the results might be just the opposite during the other months of the year. This factor has led to significant problems in the industry since business is hampered effectively during those months when visitors are less. This particular study has thus been focused on understanding the primary causes and effects of seasonality on the tourism industry. The study tries to determine that realizing the demands of the tourists; tourist enterprises can plan their maintenance and tourist infrastructures accordingly. Also, there are strategies and models that if followed, can enable the tourist enterprises to reduce the impacts of seasonality on the industry as a whole. Title: Impacts and Strategies of Seasonality in the Tourism Industry Abstract: Seasonality is a highly essential factor as far as the tourism industry across the world is concerned. There are several tourist destinations across the world and in every country the issue of seasonality has become a matter of significant concern. Seasonality has been mostly found to affect the businesses of the tourist enterprises. ... According to Butler (1994) seasonality is defined as the cyclical non - permanent imbalance in tourism which can be quantified in terms of demand of sleeping facilities, number of visitors, employment opportunity variations and expenditure by visitors (Butler, 1994). This concept of seasonality is not peculiar to the tourism industry, but is also experience in many sectors especially the agriculture and manufacturing (Bar On, 1975, Hylleberg, 1992). It is deemed as the main reason why private equity investiture in the tourism sector is very low due to the fluctuating returns on investment over seasons (Hinch and Jackson, 2000). It also leads to the difficulty in obtaining and holding staff on a permanent bases and also leads to overuse of tourist facilities during the in season and underutilization during off peak periods (Butler, 2001). Due to this phenomenon, many industry experts have tried to tackle the problem of seasonality by first trying to understand the causative factors an d how they can be minimized or controlled and also by coming out with both qualitative and quantitative approaches to how this problem can be addressed. There is another school of thought which see some advantages in having seasonality occur, the nature or ecological lovers believe that the off season affords the environment to recover from the masses that visit nature sites during the in season (Cannas, 2012). This school of thought shall however not be included in this research. The concept of seasonality with respect to tourism has been found to of a temporal and spatial concern for the industry. The concept can be focused both in terms of finance as well as the number of visitors to particular tourist destinations. Natural seasonality may result

Nike Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Nike - Case Study Example lizing its main objectives hence giving it ideas on what ought to be done in order to achieve these objectives and Nike Company is not different because it also has its mission and vision. The company’s mission is to offer inspiration to all athletes globally (Nike Inc., 2014). Nike Company has strived to achieve this mission because to date, most athletes taking part in national competitions such as Olympics or marathon are supplied with footwear to enable them participate comfortably. The company’s vision is that everybody has the capacity of becoming an athlete since the company provides all the necessary gears (Nike Inc., 2013). Nike Company has a number of strengths; the company has a global recognition for its apparels that are normally used in sports (Lussier & Kimball, 2009).Apart from its high quality apparel, the company also known for its innovative marketing techniques. For instance, the company normally uses prominent sportsmen such as tiger woods and Michael Jordan while marketing their products (Lussier & Kimball, 2009). Apart from strengths, the company also has a number of weaknesses. For instance, the company has had some management problems. Since resignation of the company’s founder in 2005, the company has had two CEOs in a span of two years (Lussier & Kimball, 2009). Apart from management issues, the company is also experiencing a decline in sales especially in the United States. For instance, there company experiences higher sales in continents such as Europe and Asia than in the United States where the Nike’s headquarters are located (Lussier & Kimball, 2009). This is due to high competition from other companies such as Adidas and Reebok that also specialize in production of sports accessories. The company has several opportunities that if properly utilized will result to an increase in the number of sales hence higher incomes. The company has signed an agreement with Apple Company that will see the company develop an application

Compare and contrast the views of Meyer and Bok on the issues of Essay

Compare and contrast the views of Meyer and Bok on the issues of medical professional lying to patients. State and explain the similarities and differences in their views - Essay Example the disclosure of bad news to patients is a very difficult process; hence, it is beneficial for medical practitioners to adopt a neutral mentality between always telling the truth and never telling the truth when disclosing information to the patient. Bok however, is firm on the viewpoint that it is necessary for doctors to sometimes lie to the patient when certain conditions are met. He however does not agree with Meyer’s statement that truthfulness is impossible. She perceives it as failure to differentiate between the truth from truthfulness. Though she disagrees with this statement, in my opinion some similarities with Meyer’s viewpoint exist. Meyer believes that the truth cannot always be clearly defined hence; it cannot always be presented to the patient (Meyer, n.d). In this case Meyer provides the example of conditions that are terminal at time of disclosure, however, may have a cure in the near future. It coincides with Bok’s example of telling the patient he has at least four months to live, instead of telling him that he will die in four months. The fact that he will live for four months is verified, however, the fact that he will die isn’t. Meyer believes that patients may ask for the truth meanwhile they do not actually want the truth and simply want to gain confidence from the good news. However, Bok believes it is an empirical fact that patients want to hear the truth about their condition and doctors have no right or justification to withhold information on the assumption that patients actually prefer it (Bok, n.d). Bok agrees with Meyers’s view that the truth may sometimes harm the patient. Meyer refers to this as ‘therapeutic privileged’. However, Bok believes that this claim by Meyer is exaggerated and benefits from telling the truth exist and are not given sufficient attention. Bok believes that telling the patient the truth allows him or her to decide what steps to take forward in his or her treatment process. She allows

Business modelling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business modelling - Essay Example This method of data analysis has been in operation for an extended period especially in the economic statistics. Regression has also become popular among lawyers in the recent past, being used as evidence of liability under Title VII of the civil Rights Act 1964. Regression analysis while handling a single explanatory variable is characterized as a â€Å"simple regression.† (Fox, 1997) Regression analysis will be used when it is determined that two or more variables have a connection in a linear relationship, Hinkle, (1996). When we focus on simple regression, it means that we have only two variables in question. The variables will be denoted by X and Y. and the relationship can be determined as; y = ß0 + ß1 x + ÃŽ ­, this is a linear equation because it will result in a straight line when presented in a graph, (Fox, 1997). Data analysis is an activity we cannot escape from in our day to day activities. Data may be realized from the business activities such as their mode of supply or transport. Businesses will, therefore seek to obtain the most favorable model through analyzing the data. The kind of analysis is called â€Å"The linear regression analysis,† (Fox, 1997). Regression analysis has a number of strengths, first according to Fox (1997), regression method of data analysis is beneficial in circumstances where forecasts are promising, such as the number of intended admissions in a college. This methodology assists administrators to predict and get ready for additional demands that are likely to arise in the future Regression analysis is also a quite cheaper method as data are easily collected and usually can be gathered from other earlier source. Furthermore, independent variable data are not expensive to update as compared to acuity-quality data, (Fox, 1997). Vonon (1998) advocates for the technique by says that method, of data